Stove and furnace construction



W. F. ALLEN Nov. 24, 1942.

I STQVE AND FURNACE CONSTRUCTION Filed Dec. 19, 1940 s Sheets -Sheet .1

15 RAANWNWINWNNNWWAAAAAAM lllul Nov. 24, 1942. w. F. ALLEN STOVE ANDFURNACE CONSTRUCTION Filed :Dec. 19, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet, 2

Nov. 24, 1942. N w. F. ALLEN- 2,302,929

STOVE AND FURNACE CONSTRUCTION I Filed Dec. 19, 1 940 3 Sheets-Sheet 3fi zl/zavzfjilsva,

atented Nov. 24, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2 Claims.

The invention relates to stoves and furnaces generally, and has for anobject to present an improved construction intended particularly for usein burning coal or other fuel adapted to be used in a similar way.

It is the cardinal object of the invention t present a stove of thischaracter which will be especially'eillcient incombustion of all fuelelements of coal and other. solid fuels, especially where there is amore or less volatile element in the fuel which is given off attemperatures below that of combustion, which in prior stoves tends tobecome lost and passes up the chimney.

Another important object of the invention is to present a stove of thehopper feed type which isadapted. to contain or accommodate a very largesupp y of fuel in proportion to the bulk of Figure is a fragmentarysectional view illus-- trating the relationship of the tile and liningsections when installed in the stove.

Figure 11 is a side-elevation of a modified form of stove, embodying aradiator.

Figure- 12 is a top plan view thereof.

Figure 13 is a fragmentary enlarged vertical sectional view.

fuel actually in course of combustion and to present novel means forinsuring utilization of the more volatileelements by bringing them intocontact with combustion supporting gases at the highest possibletemperatures, thus insuring a high efficiency in combustion.

, More specifically, it is an object of the inventlon'to feed secondaryair to the top of the fuel chamber after refueling, by means of novelconstruction of channels, for complete combustion of gases. 4

It is another important object of the invention to present a simpleconstruction of hopper placed with a minimum of effort.

Additional'obiects, advantages and features of invention reside in theconstruction, arrangement and combination of parts, involved in theembodiment of the invention, as will be more readily understood from thefollowing description and accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is afront elevation of a stove constructed in accordance with my invention.

Figure 2 is an enlarged vertical section taken at right angles to Figure1.

Figure 3 is a cross section on the line 3-3 of Figure 2. p

Figure 4 15 a cross section on the line 4-4 of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is aperspective view of the tile sec-.

tions employed in the stove.

Figure 6 is a perspective view of the cast linings employed.

Figure 7 illustrates plan views of a pair of tile members as constructedfor use in the stove. Figure 8 is a plan view of one of the cast liningmembers.

Figure 9 is a perspective view thereof.

:80 in which the parts may be assembled or re-' Figure 14 is a crosssection on the line M-ll of Figure 13. Attention is first invited toFigures 1 and} of the drawings, wherein there is shown a stove it havinga steel casing H of any suitable diameter and height,.which will vary,of course, with the particular requirements, since the stove may be madein various sizes.

The casing ll includes a base I2 and a top.

headl3, the latter having a swingable closure l4 permitting filling ofthe stove with fuel, as will be described. Any suitable number of legsit are secured to the base-l2, and in the present instance, the legs areprovided with right angular flange portions I6 adapted'to lie flushbeneath the base.

A grate rest support I1 is positioned within the casing ll resting uponthe base l2, as clearly shown in Figure 2.

The stove, in the present instance, has been shown as cylindrical,although this construction is not arbitrary, and the support II, it willbe noted, has upper and lower inturned flangesv l8. At suitable pointsthe lower flange I! will have apertures aligned with apertures of thebase and the flange IQ of respective legs for reception of bolts I9.Thus the legs, base and support are firmly secured together. T

As shown in Figure, 2, the support I! is of aheight to support a graterest '20 above the base l2 forming an ash chamber 2|, and in order thataccess may be had to-the chamber, the support and easing are formed withaligned openings 22. A suitable door 22 including a damper 24 isswingably mounted to the casing, as at 25, for closing the openings.

The grate rest support I! has formed at its upper edge a plurality ofspaced openings, and since the grate rest 20 is laid flush upon theupper edge 01 the support l1, the rest 20 will also include openings 26'in registry with the open- The grate rest 20 has a circumscribingupstanding rib 28, spaced inwardly from the casing ll I which functionsfor. support of vertically arranged tile members 29, the tile membershaving a thickness to snugly fit between the rib 23 and the casing I I.

For an understanding of the construction of the tile members 29,attention is now directed to Figure of the drawings. It will be seenthat the tile members are shaped to snugly abut the casing II, the outerface of each tile having a lon gitudinal groove 30 extending the fulllength of the tile, and when the tile members are arranged within thecasing, the groove of the tile members are to be aligned with theopenings 24 and 26' as shown in Figure 2.

The tile members 29 each have a rabbeted portion 3| at their upper endsforming an upstanding rib 32 outwardly offset with respect to the innerface of the tile members. Each of the tile members 29 are identical inconstruction with the exception of four, indicated at 33 and 34, and.these are arranged in pairs, preferably at diametrically opposite sidesof the assembled tile members within the casing, as clearly shown inFigure 4. Each of the tile members 33 and 34 are formed with laterallyextended recesses 33, terminating inwardly of the vertical edge of thetile, and each being positioned at the same height (see Fig. 2).

plates 31, positioned throughout the length of the spacers 36 except atthe point opposite the recesses 35, where they are omitted. The combinedthickness of the spacer and bames is less than one-half the thickness ofthe tile members and there is thus provided a pair of channels extendingfrom the grate to the top of the tiles. It should be noted also that thetile members 33 and 34 are constructed as rights and lefts and whenassembled with the spacer forma crossshaped channel.

The structure thus far set forth describes the construction of thefire-box proper, and in order that gases may be drawn to the top of thefuel pockets 45 and 43 are formed, extending in opposite directions.These pockets have a depth in the'direction of the outer face, thefunction of which will be explained hereinafter. Between the flanges 43baille plates 41 are provided, there being two in the present instance,one below each of the interruptions 44 of the flanges. The casting isformed with a plurality of secondary air openings 43 adjacent its upperedge immediately beneath the flange 43.

It will be apparent that by the provision of alternately disposed ears4| and 42 the sections maybe readily interlocked one with the other, andwhen so arranged the flanges 43 will firmly abut the casing II, thelower edge of the sections will thus be in position to seat within therib 32 of the tile sections, and the sections 33 will bemalntained infirm spaced relation with respect to the casing.

, fire has been made upon the grate 21 ascus- -are provided with spaced,right angular baiile within the stove for ignition, it is necessary toprovide a supply of secondary air as well as combustible gases to sucharea, and this is carried out in the provision of a second air chamber,generally indicated by the reference character 33, the construction ofwhich will now be described.

As shown in Figures 2 and 6, the chamber is formed from a plurality ofinterlocked sections 39 spaced fromthe casing, and since these sectionsare of identical construction, a description of one will sufilce, andattention is now invited particularly to Figures 8 and 9. The section 3!is formed as a casting, of arcuate formation so that when the severalsections are interlocked within the shell, theywill conform therewith.

The upper edge of the section has an outwardly tomary, after which thefuel is deposited through the filling door l4, and preferably the stovewill accommodate 110 pounds of coal or other fuel.

Obviously with such a large amount of coal or other fuel in the stove,burning of the entire mass is not practical, and it is thereforenecessary that the fire on the grate function solely as a means forreleasing combustible gases from the fuel, and these with the secondaryair are ignited above the fuel line within the stove. When the fuel isfirst deposited in the stove there is a short period of coking of thefuel by reason of the flre on the grate, the fuel emitting a white smokewhich continues for a period of flve or ten minutes more or less. Thedamper 24 being open, secondary air is drawn into the secondary chamberand discharged into the combustion chamber where it mixes with the smokeand gases and then ignited. Upon ignition of the gases, the damper 24may be closed or partly so, for control of the fire on the grate, andsecondary air then admitted by way of the damper 43. By supp y such alarge amount of, fuel at each filling of the stove, the stove willfunction for a long period of time without further attention. Thespecific passage of secondary air will now be set forth.

Under normal operation the secondary air supply from the ash pit by wayof the damper 24 is sufllcient, but in cold weather when a hotter fireis required, additional secondary air may be admitted into the secondaryair chamber 33 by way of the damper 49.

Secondary air is drawn upwardly through the openings 23 and 26' and thegroove 33 of the tile members and flnally discharging into'the chamber38. From the chamber 33 the air passes through the openings 43 into thecombustion chamber above the fuel.

After refueling of the stove therels a period of coking of the fuel,liberating gases, and while these gases have a tendency to flow upwardlyto the top of the fuel level, the large amount of fuel retards suchpassage, but the provision of the pair of channels between the tilemembers.

' 33-34, as well as the channelsin the cast secopposite each of theinterruptions, respective .tlon 39, provides for free passage of gases.The pockets 3!, 45 and 43 function to divert gases to the channels ofthe tile members and cast sections respectively, while the baffle plates31 and 41 retard a too rapid passage of the gases. as well as preventfuel from flllingup the channels.

It will thus be seen that the secondary air emitted through the openings48 will support combustion of the gases above the fuel, in the form of acircular ring of flame with elimination of smoke.

In order. that heat may not pass through the flue 50, a bafile plate 5|is providedproiecting inwardly over the major portion oi the flueopening. l -4 I In Figures 11 to 14, I';have illustrated an attachmentwhich may be readily incorporated] with the stove structure describedtoincrease the heating efliclency.

In this instance the stove w is provided with I a'cast frame 60 suitablysecured thereto, of a' depth and width to enclose a radiator ll. The

and iurnace structurespecitlcally, this is by way of illustration only,and I consider as my own all suchmodifications in structure as fairlyfall" within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:-

1. A heating unit comprising an outer shell having a base anda t0p,thelatter having a fuel feed closure, a grate support on the base, a gratesupported thereon above the base defining an ashpit, controllable draftmeans for'the ashpit, a

plurality of tile members within the shell in abut- ,tlng relationthereto defining a fire-pot, said tile members being in edgewiseabutting relation ex=- cent at two diametrically opposite points wherethe tile members are separated, a spacer member between said separatedtile members, balile plates on the spacer member and at right anglesthereto, the tile members adjacent each vertical edge of the spacermember having a laterally extended pocket, a secondary air. chamberabove the tile members and supported upon the upper edge thereof,said'chamber comprising a plurality of interlocked sections, each ofwhich includesan' outwardly tumed flange tor abutting relation with theshell, and each of said sections further having a vertically-disposedchannel provided with at least one laterally extended pocket, baflleplates in the channel, certain of the Tchannels 'being in alignment withthe spaced tile members, air passageways between the'ashplt and thesecondary air chamber and said sections deiining the chamber having aplurality. of air port adjacent their upper parts.

2; A heating unit comprising outer shell'havingabaseandtonagratespacedabovethe base, tile members within theshell defining a tire-pot, a secondary air chamber in spaced rein 4 tionto the casing and supported above and by,

said tile members, said tile members being constructed and arranged toprovide a pair-oi vertical channels having spaced horizontal baiflesot'a depth less than the each channel" having lateral oppositelydisposed pockets, said secondary air chamber being provided with amultiplicity of vertically disposed channels, each of said channelshavlnl laterally disposed pock- I ate and vertically. spaced horizontalbames, the

. baflles being of less depth than the channels, the

channels of said tllemembers being aligned with certain of the channelsoi! the secondary air chamber. v a

